29-1 Halting Repression, Refusing Unlawful Orders, and Protecting Lives

SECTION FOCUS
Studies how, in the early stages of upheaval, to bring the military and police to refuse to fire on civilians, to protect hospitals, schools, prisons, and demonstrators, and to prevent out-of-control units, the secret police, or mass organizations from perpetrating massacres. 29-1-1

📑 CH-029.1.1 29-1-1 The Military and Police’s Refusal of Orders to Massacre, Torture, or Otherwise Gravely Harm Civilians, and Individual ResponsibilityOpen item →

📦 CH-029.1.1.1 29-1-1-1 The Military and Police Refusing Manifestly Unlawful Orders, and Individual Legal Responsibility: Sources of Law, Comparative Experience, and Institutional Proposals (5 folders)

• 🗄 CH-029.1.1.1.01　29-1-1-1-1 Sources-of-law texts; historical experience; international comparison; participating actors; and core summaries
• 🗄 CH-029.1.1.1.02　29-1-1-1-2 Institutional design; sequence of implementation; protection of civilians; public services; and public authorization
• 🗄 CH-029.1.1.1.03　29-1-1-1-3 Proposal texts; data charts; map simulations; images, audio, and video; and web-page archives
• 🗄 CH-029.1.1.1.04　29-1-1-1-4 Feasibility; risks; objections; evidence levels; review; and error correction
• 🗄 CH-029.1.1.1.05　29-1-1-1-5 Database judgment; policy and legal significance; oversight and exit; and derivative works for public communication

📦 CH-029.1.1.2 29-1-1-2 The Military and Police Refusing Manifestly Unlawful Orders, and Individual Legal Responsibility: Conditions of Implementation, Protection of Civilians, Risks, and Democratic Authorization (5 folders)

• 🗄 CH-029.1.1.2.01　29-1-1-2-1 Sources-of-law texts; historical experience; international comparison; participating actors; and core summaries
• 🗄 CH-029.1.1.2.02　29-1-1-2-2 Institutional design; sequence of implementation; protection of civilians; public services; and public authorization
• 🗄 CH-029.1.1.2.03　29-1-1-2-3 Proposal texts; data charts; map simulations; images, audio, and video; and web-page archives
• 🗄 CH-029.1.1.2.04　29-1-1-2-4 Feasibility; risks; objections; evidence levels; review; and error correction
• 🗄 CH-029.1.1.2.05　29-1-1-2-5 Database judgment; policy and legal significance; oversight and exit; and derivative works for public communication 29-1-2

📑 CH-029.1.2 29-1-2 The Principle of Minimum Force at Demonstrations, Assemblies, and Sites of ConflictOpen item →

📦 CH-029.1.2.1 29-1-2-1 The Principle of Minimum Force at Demonstrations, Assemblies, and Sites of Conflict: Sources of Law, Comparative Experience, and Institutional Proposals (5 folders)

• 🗄 CH-029.1.2.1.01　29-1-2-1-1 Sources-of-law texts; historical experience; international comparison; participating actors; and core summaries
• 🗄 CH-029.1.2.1.02　29-1-2-1-2 Institutional design; sequence of implementation; protection of civilians; public services; and public authorization
• 🗄 CH-029.1.2.1.03　29-1-2-1-3 Proposal texts; data charts; map simulations; images, audio, and video; and web-page archives
• 🗄 CH-029.1.2.1.04　29-1-2-1-4 Feasibility; risks; objections; evidence levels; review; and error correction
• 🗄 CH-029.1.2.1.05　29-1-2-1-5 Database judgment; policy and legal significance; oversight and exit; and derivative works for public communication

📦 CH-029.1.2.2 29-1-2-2 The Principle of Minimum Force at Demonstrations, Assemblies, and Sites of Conflict: Conditions of Implementation, Protection of Civilians, Risks, and Democratic Authorization (5 folders)

• 🗄 CH-029.1.2.2.01　29-1-2-2-1 Sources-of-law texts; historical experience; international comparison; participating actors; and core summaries
• 🗄 CH-029.1.2.2.02　29-1-2-2-2 Institutional design; sequence of implementation; protection of civilians; public services; and public authorization
• 🗄 CH-029.1.2.2.03　29-1-2-2-3 Proposal texts; data charts; map simulations; images, audio, and video; and web-page archives
• 🗄 CH-029.1.2.2.04　29-1-2-2-4 Feasibility; risks; objections; evidence levels; review; and error correction
• 🗄 CH-029.1.2.2.05　29-1-2-2-5 Database judgment; policy and legal significance; oversight and exit; and derivative works for public communication 29-1-3

📑 CH-029.1.3 29-1-3 The Protection of Hospitals, Schools, Nursing Homes, and Civilian FacilitiesOpen item →

📦 CH-029.1.3.1 29-1-3-1 The Protection of Hospitals, Schools, Nursing Homes, and Civilian Facilities: Sources of Law, Comparative Experience, and Institutional Proposals (5 folders)

• 🗄 CH-029.1.3.1.01　29-1-3-1-1 Sources-of-law texts; historical experience; international comparison; participating actors; and core summaries
• 🗄 CH-029.1.3.1.02　29-1-3-1-2 Institutional design; sequence of implementation; protection of civilians; public services; and public authorization
• 🗄 CH-029.1.3.1.03　29-1-3-1-3 Proposal texts; data charts; map simulations; images, audio, and video; and web-page archives
• 🗄 CH-029.1.3.1.04　29-1-3-1-4 Feasibility; risks; objections; evidence levels; review; and error correction
• 🗄 CH-029.1.3.1.05　29-1-3-1-5 Database judgment; policy and legal significance; oversight and exit; and derivative works for public communication

📦 CH-029.1.3.2 29-1-3-2 The Protection of Hospitals, Schools, Nursing Homes, and Civilian Facilities: Conditions of Implementation, Protection of Civilians, Risks, and Democratic Authorization (5 folders)

• 🗄 CH-029.1.3.2.01　29-1-3-2-1 Sources-of-law texts; historical experience; international comparison; participating actors; and core summaries
• 🗄 CH-029.1.3.2.02　29-1-3-2-2 Institutional design; sequence of implementation; protection of civilians; public services; and public authorization
• 🗄 CH-029.1.3.2.03　29-1-3-2-3 Proposal texts; data charts; map simulations; images, audio, and video; and web-page archives
• 🗄 CH-029.1.3.2.04　29-1-3-2-4 Feasibility; risks; objections; evidence levels; review; and error correction
• 🗄 CH-029.1.3.2.05　29-1-3-2-5 Database judgment; policy and legal significance; oversight and exit; and derivative works for public communication 29-1-4

📑 CH-029.1.4 29-1-4 The Accounting for and Rescue of Political Prisoners, Detainees, and Victims of Enforced DisappearanceOpen item →

📦 CH-029.1.4.1 29-1-4-1 The Accounting for and Rescue of Political Prisoners, Detainees, and Victims of Enforced Disappearance: Sources of Law, Comparative Experience, and Institutional Proposals (5 folders)

• 🗄 CH-029.1.4.1.01　29-1-4-1-1 Sources-of-law texts; historical experience; international comparison; participating actors; and core summaries
• 🗄 CH-029.1.4.1.02　29-1-4-1-2 Institutional design; sequence of implementation; protection of civilians; public services; and public authorization
• 🗄 CH-029.1.4.1.03　29-1-4-1-3 Proposal texts; data charts; map simulations; images, audio, and video; and web-page archives
• 🗄 CH-029.1.4.1.04　29-1-4-1-4 Feasibility; risks; objections; evidence levels; review; and error correction
• 🗄 CH-029.1.4.1.05　29-1-4-1-5 Database judgment; policy and legal significance; oversight and exit; and derivative works for public communication

📦 CH-029.1.4.2 29-1-4-2 The Accounting for and Rescue of Political Prisoners, Detainees, and Victims of Enforced Disappearance: Conditions of Implementation, Protection of Civilians, Risks, and Democratic Authorization (5 folders)

• 🗄 CH-029.1.4.2.01　29-1-4-2-1 Sources-of-law texts; historical experience; international comparison; participating actors; and core summaries
• 🗄 CH-029.1.4.2.02　29-1-4-2-2 Institutional design; sequence of implementation; protection of civilians; public services; and public authorization
• 🗄 CH-029.1.4.2.03　29-1-4-2-3 Proposal texts; data charts; map simulations; images, audio, and video; and web-page archives
• 🗄 CH-029.1.4.2.04　29-1-4-2-4 Feasibility; risks; objections; evidence levels; review; and error correction
• 🗄 CH-029.1.4.2.05　29-1-4-2-5 Database judgment; policy and legal significance; oversight and exit; and derivative works for public communication